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RadioPharmaceuticals

Gallium-68 Generator (Ge-68/Ga-68) (PET)

The Ga-68 generator uses a glass column with TiO2 sorbent to fix Ge-68, which decays to produce Ga-68. It is placed in a lead container and 0.1 M HCI is used to elute the Ga-68.

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Sodium molybdate (Mo-99) 2.5- 60 GBq corresponding to Sodium pertechnetate (Tc-99m) 2 - 50 GBq, radionuclide generator

A technetium-99m generator, also known as a technetium, is a device used to extract the metastable isotope 99mTc of technetium from a decaying sample of molybdenum-99. 99Mo has a half-life of 66 hours[1] and can be transported over long distances to hospitals where its decay product technetium-99m is extracted and used for a variety of nuclear medicine diagnostic procedures.

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Tc-99m Generator

Rhenium-188 is a beta-emitter with a 16.98-hour half-life, it may form complexes. It allows synthesizing radiopharmaceuticals for diagnostics and therapy of malignant tumors, bone metastases, rheumatoid arthritis and other diseases. The parent isotope is Tungsten-188.

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The advantage of this generator is the presence of both beta- and gamma- radiation components (0.155 MeV); the first of these ensures a high therapeutic effect and the second one enables the operators to receive visual information in conventional gamma-cameras.

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Rhenium

Characteristics

Manufacturing enterprise: IPPE.
Parent isotope's activity: 3,7; 5,5; 7,4; 18,5; 37,0 GBq.
Generator's weight: 16 kg (without package).
Lifetime: 40, 80, 110, 150, 200 days (depending on the generator's type).

Technical advantages

  • Short half-life period of Re-188 (17 hours) makes it safer for patients, staff and environment.

  • The presence of mean energy β-emission provides an optimal therapeutic dose for affecting pathology focus (tumors and other).

  • The presence of a γ-component with the energy of 155 keV in the emission spectrum makes it possible to monitor the behavior of the labeled pharmaceutical in the patient's body using SPECT.

  • Produced under Radiation Safety Standards-2009/2010.

  • The half-life period of parent W-188 radionuclide (69,4 days) makes it possible to use one generator within 6 to 12 months (depending on the generator rated activity).

Lutetium-177

Lutetium-177 is a radioactive isotope used in cancer treatment and imaging, with a short half-life, high yield and purity, and the ability to target specific cancer cells while minimizing damage to healthy tissues.

Characteristics:

  • Lu-177 is a beta-emitting radioisotope with a half-life of 6.7 days.

  • It emits beta particles with an average energy of 134 keV and a maximum energy of 497 keV, which allows for effective tumor irradiation with minimal damage to surrounding healthy tissues.

  • Lu-177 can be produced via nuclear reactions using a cyclotron or nuclear reactor, and it is typically obtained by irradiating a stable isotope of lutetium with neutrons.

Technical advantages:

  • Lu-177 can be conjugated with various targeting agents, such as peptides, antibodies, or small molecules, to selectively deliver the radioactive payload to cancer cells expressing the corresponding receptor or antigen.

  • Lu-177 has a relatively short range in tissue (maximum of 1.7 mm), which enables selective killing of cancer cells with minimal collateral damage to normal tissues.

  • Lu-177 has a high yield and purity, and it can be conveniently radiolabeled with various chelators for stable complexation with targeting agents.

  • Lu-177 has a lower radiation exposure to medical staff and the environment compared to other therapeutic radionuclides, such as iodine-131 or yttrium-90.​

Medical applications:

  • Lu-177 is used in targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT) for the treatment of various cancer types, such as neuroendocrine tumors, prostate cancer, and metastatic bone pain.

  • In TRT, Lu-177 is administered systemically to the patient, and it accumulates preferentially in the tumor tissue, where it delivers its beta radiation and induces DNA damage and cell death.

  • Lu-177 TRT has shown high response rates, durable remissions, and improved quality of life in several clinical trials, especially in patients with limited therapeutic options or resistant disease.

  • Lu-177 can also be used in imaging applications, such as single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) or positron emission tomography (PET), when labeled with suitable imaging agents.

Gallium-68 Generator (Ge-68/Ga-68) (PET)

Nuclear medicine produces the positron-emitting radionuclide Ga-68 using a Ge-68/Ga-68 generator. With a half-life of 270.95 days, the parent isotope Ge-68 can be easily transported to hospitals as a generator and used there as the source of Ga-68 for at least a year. Gallium-68 can be readily eluted from the generator at any time at the site of application and is useful for a variety of things despite having a short half-life of only 67.71 minutes and being difficult to transport.

The Ga-68 generator uses a glass column with TiO2 sorbent to fix Ge-68, which decays to produce Ga-68. It is placed in a lead container and 0.1 M HCI is used to elute the Ga-68.

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Technical advantages

  • The elute of Gallium-68 is 0.1 M HCI.

  • Ga-68 yield in 5 ml of eluent is at least 75 % at the first run and at least 45% throughout 3 years or after 400 elutions.

  • The breakthrough of Ge-68 is not more than 0.005 %.

  • The column is placed into a lead security container of the KSU-2NZH-M generator standard set.

  • The generator is certified in the certification system for equipment, products and technologies for nuclear installations, radiation sources and storage (OIT-certification system).

Application

Ga-68 obtained from this generator can be used for PET systems calibration, for making phantoms and for the development of labeling technique.

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Tekcis® (SPECT)

Sodium molybdate (Mo-99) 2.5- 60 GBq corresponding to Sodium pertechnetate (Tc-99m) 2 - 50 GBq, radionuclide generator

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A technetium-99m generator, also known as a moly cow or technetium cow, is a device used to extract the metastable isotope 99mTc of technetium from a decaying sample of molybdenum-99. 99Mo has a half-life of 66 hours[1] and can be transported over long distances to hospitals where its decay product technetium-99m is extracted and used for a variety of nuclear medicine diagnostic procedures.

Rhenium

Rhenium-188 is a beta-emitter with a 16.98-hour half-life, it may form complexes. It allows synthesizing radiopharmaceuticals for diagnostics and therapy of malignant tumors, bone metastases, rheumatoid arthritis and other diseases. The parent isotope is Tungsten-188.

The advantage of this generator is the presence of both beta- and gamma- radiation components (0.155 MeV); the first of these ensures a high therapeutic effect and the second one enables the operators to receive visual information in conventional gamma-cameras.

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Characteristics

Manufacturing enterprise: IPPE.
Parent isotope's activity: 3,7; 5,5; 7,4; 18,5; 37,0 GBq.
Generator's weight: 16 kg (without package).
Lifetime: 40, 80, 110, 150, 200 days (depending on the generator's type).

Technical advantages

  • Short half-life period of Re-188 (17 hours) makes it safer for patients, staff and environment.

  • The presence of mean energy β-emission provides an optimal therapeutic dose for affecting pathology focus (tumors and other).

  • The presence of a γ-component with the energy of 155 keV in the emission spectrum makes it possible to monitor the behavior of the labeled pharmaceutical in the patient's body using SPECT.

  • Produced under Radiation Safety Standards-2009/2010.

  • The half-life period of parent W-188 radionuclide (69,4 days) makes it possible to use one generator within 6 to 12 months (depending on the generator rated activity).

Lutetium-177

Lutetium-177 is a radioactive isotope used in cancer treatment and imaging, with a short half-life, high yield and purity, and the ability to target specific cancer cells while minimizing damage to healthy tissues.

Characteristics:

  • Lu-177 is a beta-emitting radioisotope with a half-life of 6.7 days.

  • It emits beta particles with an average energy of 134 keV and a maximum energy of 497 keV, which allows for effective tumor irradiation with minimal damage to surrounding healthy tissues.

  • Lu-177 can be produced via nuclear reactions using a cyclotron or nuclear reactor, and it is typically obtained by irradiating a stable isotope of lutetium with neutrons.

Technical advantages:

  • Lu-177 can be conjugated with various targeting agents, such as peptides, antibodies, or small molecules, to selectively deliver the radioactive payload to cancer cells expressing the corresponding receptor or antigen.

  • Lu-177 has a relatively short range in tissue (maximum of 1.7 mm), which enables selective killing of cancer cells with minimal collateral damage to normal tissues.

  • Lu-177 has a high yield and purity, and it can be conveniently radiolabeled with various chelators for stable complexation with targeting agents.

  • Lu-177 has a lower radiation exposure to medical staff and the environment compared to other therapeutic radionuclides, such as iodine-131 or yttrium-90.​

Medical applications:

  • Lu-177 is used in targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT) for the treatment of various cancer types, such as neuroendocrine tumors, prostate cancer, and metastatic bone pain.

  • In TRT, Lu-177 is administered systemically to the patient, and it accumulates preferentially in the tumor tissue, where it delivers its beta radiation and induces DNA damage and cell death.

  • Lu-177 TRT has shown high response rates, durable remissions, and improved quality of life in several clinical trials, especially in patients with limited therapeutic options or resistant disease.

  • Lu-177 can also be used in imaging applications, such as single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) or positron emission tomography (PET), when labeled with suitable imaging agents.

About Us

Esente offers comprehensive solutions for radiopharmaceutical research,  product development, image analysis, radiation safety and distribution of nuclear medicine products . We partner with a purpose to bring together science, technology and unmet needs to improve the lives of patients.

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